Research Cell: An International Journal of Engineering Sciences

Rakesh Kumar ¹, Vishal Goyal ², Ravinder Khanna ³

Affiliations
1 Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, IN
2 Dept. of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN
3 MM University, Sadopur, Ambala, IN

Abstract

India has many regional languages. Attempts have been made for developing machine translations between these languages, but little success has been reported so far. Analysis of Hindi to Punjabi machine translation system devised by Punjabi University, Patiala, India has found that Hindi post position से (sē) is translated inaccurately being its ambiguous nature, most of the times, as it has eighteen different senses in Punjabi. The overall translation success rate of this system reported as 87.60%, however the translation success rate in respect of this post position से (sē) is only about 2%. In this paper, N-gram approach (along with its smoothing variants) has been applied to improve the accuracy of translation of this post position से (sē) in already developed Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System. It has been concluded that bigram approach with Add-One smoothing algorithm gives the best results in improving the accuracy of translation of post position से (sē) from 2% to 85.49%, thus improving the overall machine translation accuracy of the system from 87.60% to 92.30% .

Keywords

Natural Language Processing (NLP), Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), Machine Translation (MT).

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, Ravinder Khanna ², Vishal Goyal ³

Affiliations
1 Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, IN
2 Sachdeva Engg. College for Girls, Gharuan, Mohali, IN
3 Dept. of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a major research area in the later quarter of 20^th century and is likely to be even more so in the 21^st century. A key part of AI is Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) which deals with choosing the correct sense of a word in the given text. All human languages have words with multiple meaning and selecting the intended sense is important. This paper briefly describes various methods presently used for WSD and their relative effectiveness. WSD applications currently find application in Information Retrieval, Information Extraction, Automated Answering Machine, Speech Reorganization, Machine Translation among many others. WSD has promise for the future in taking AI to the next higher level.

Keywords

Natural Language Processing (NLP), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), Knowledge Based Methods, Supervised/Unsupervised Methods.

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, H. S. Dhaliwal ¹, Ram Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, B.H.S.B.I.E.T., Lehragaga, IN

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic approach for the design and implementation of temperature controller using Intelligent Fuzzy-PID Hybrid Controller for Temperature control in Process Industry. The proposed approach employs PID based intelligent fuzzycontroller for determination of the optimal results than PID controller parameters for a previously identified process plant. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the chemical plant. It is anticipated that designing of PID based fuzzy controller using proposed intelligent techniques would dramatically improves the speed of response of the system, Rise time and settling time would be reduced in magnitude in the intelligent scheme as compared with conventional PID controller.

Keywords

Process Plants, Steam Temperature Control, Industrial System, Multiobjective Control, Optimal-Tuning, PID Control Fuzzy Logic Control, Genetic Algorithms, Nonlinear Control, Optimal Control, PID Control.

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, Ravinder Khanna ¹

Affiliations
1 GGS Sachdeva Engg. College, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is an important part of Machine Readable Dictionary (MRD) which is extensively used in Expert System/Intelligent Systems. All languages have multiple meanings of words or phrases depending on the context of their usage. WSD draws the correct (intended) meaning using a database called Machine Readable Dictionary (MRD). Some rudimentary designs of MRD have been made for some European Languages. In this paper a preliminary attempt has been made towards the formulation and design of MRD in Punjabi Language using modified Lesk Algorithm which uses a simple method for relating the appropriate word sense relative to set of dictionary meanings of the word or phrase.

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Baljit Singh ¹, Arun Kumar Asati ², Rakesh Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IKGPTU Kapurthala, Punjab, IN
2 SBSSTC, Ferozepur, Punjab, IN
3 IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Air cooling by conventional methods is practically everywhere, i.e. homes, hotels and hospitals. The temperature of the environment, increasing day by day due to heavy vapor compression systems used to meet the cooling load of buildings. The huge electricity is required for handling the cooling demands which are further destroying our natural resources. Efforts can be made to look for sustainable cooling system instead of using costly air conditioning systems. In this study effort is made to look for a low cost air cooling system for buildings by use of thermal energy of soil. The geothermal effect of soil can be very helpful for decreasing or increasing the temperature of the air. Using this method of cooling, the high grade energy demand, as well as environmental issues, can be minimized. The best use of geothermal energy can be made effective with the use of Earth Air Heat Exchanger method. The study of the air velocity may help in finding a maximum temperature drop of the air. With the rise in velocity to appropriate value it gives better results at a velocity of 2.5 m/s the maximum drop in temperature is 7.2 °C, for 3.4 m/s maximum drop is 6.5°C and at a velocity of 4.8 m/s drop is 4.0°C. Therefore the velocity of 2.5 m/s is cost effective and result oriented to a given Earth Air Heat Exchanger. The maximum average fall for a velocity of 2.5 m/s is equal to 5.4°C in the month of July for hot- humid climate.

Keywords

Air Cooling, Geothermal Energy, Earth Air Heat Exchanger, Climate.

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Rajesh Jha ¹, Siddharth Ranjan ¹, Rakesh Kumar ¹, Mithlesh Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of MED, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, IN
2 Dept. of MED, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Aim of this research paper is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on mechanical propertiesof Mild Steel (ASTM A36). Heat treatment was carried out in a furnace at a temperature of 800oC, after heating at such temperature quenching was carried out using brine solution. It was observed that on heating the mild steel resembles the properties of cast iron along with increase in boiling temperature.Various mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, elongation percentage & hardness are analyzed to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the mild steel. To investigate the microstructure of the heat treated surface, grinding with the help of rough emery paper and by using alumina paste on double disk polishing machine was carried out. It was revealed that heat treatment produces significant effect on properties of Mild steel.

Keywords

Boiling Point, Brittle, Free From Rust, Alumina Paste, Emery Paper.

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Hitesh Sharma ¹, Rakesh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Thermal Engineering, IKG PTU Regional Centre, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Pb, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Pb, IN

Abstract

This paper aims at the experimental analysis of micro channel heat sink with spiral configuration for measuring heat transfer characteristics. Base plate of aluminium has been used for the designing of spiral micro-channels. The cross section of channel is rectangular with sides 1mm x 0.5mm. Water has been used as the working fluid for testing purpose and final results are obtained on nano-fluids as the medium of heat transfer in the heat sink. Tests are performed by nano-fluids entering from one end and exiting from the other end. The experimental setup has been analysed for variations of thermal resistance, pressure drop and flow rate with respect to Reynolds's number. Data acquisition system for the micro-channel heat sink is designed for monitoring and processing the data obtained from the sensors at the initial and final ends of the micro-channel heat sink, including temperature sensors, pressure gauges and flow sensors. The data acquired from the sensors has been taken from self-designed data acquisition system and processed on National Instruments software Lab VIEW. The monitoring and graphical display is performed on hardware based Liquid crystal display and virtual instrument designed on NI Lab view.

Keywords

Spiral Micro-Channel, Heat Sink, Data Acquisition System, Nano-Fluids, Reynolds's Number.

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, Arun Kumar Asati ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SBS STC Ferozepur, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Current paper presents experimental study of the effect of inlet process parameters of humid air on different output parameters of counter flow liquid desiccant regeneration system. Temperature and specific humidity are selected as inlet process parameters. Regenerator is the heart of liquid desiccant air cooling system. Celdek structured pads with packing density 390 m2/m3 as packing material and calcium chloride as liquid desiccant are used in the present research. Air and desiccant solution flow in counter flow direction with respect to each other. One parameter is varied at a time and others are kept constant. Different outlet parameters studied are outlet specific humidity, evaporation flow rate, outlet temperature of air, outlet temperature of solution and effectiveness of the regenerator. Variation of evaporation rate at average found is 51.86 % which is maximum increase among all output parameters. Decrease in solution output temperature obtained is 4.75 % with varying specific humidity of air.

Keywords

Desiccant, Air, Regenerator, Celdek Pads, Specific Humidity, Effectiveness, Evaporation Flow Rate, Temperature.

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Rajesh Jha ¹, Siddharth Ranjan ¹, Mithlesh Sharma ², Rakesh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 MED, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, IN
2 IET Bhaddal, Ropar, IN

Abstract

Aim of this research paper is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on microstructural behavior of Cast Iron (ASTM A48). For investigating the effect heat treatment was carried out in stages. In first stage material is heated in a furnace at a temperature of 850°C, followed by quenching inside the furnace. Further in second stage material was heated at a temperature of 900°C, followed by quenching with the help of cooled still air. It was observed that on heating, cast iron resembles the properties of mild steel along with increase in melting temperature. It reduces the cost to be bear for making mild steel.Various mechanical properties such as. Tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, elongation percentage & hardness are analyzed to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the cast iron. To analyze the microstructure of the heat-treated surface, grinding with the help of rough emery paper & fine emery paper and by using alumina paste on double disk polishing machine was carried out. It was revealed that heat treatment produces significant effect on properties of cast iron.

Keywords

Heat Treatment, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure.

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